Industrial lasers use focused light for materials processing across automotive, aerospace, electronics, and medical sectors. Types include fiber, CO2, diode, disk, and excimer lasers, with powers from 20W to 100kW.
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Fiber lasers dominate cutting and welding of metals due to efficiency (30–45%) and beam quality. Challenges include high capital costs and critical alignment.
Nevertheless, beam shaping and wobble welding techniques are improving process capability.